Catch-22 :: essays research papers fc

Catch-What      Catch-22 is one of the most ineffectively developed, and offensive books I’ve ever perused. It’s request of occasions, or absence of request, turns out to be clear after the absolute first section. Actually â€Å"It doesn’t even appear to have been composed; rather it gives the impression of having been yelled onto paper† (Stern 50). By the center of the book it appears to be each character in the book has lost any feeling of ethical quality they may have appeared to have. The tale â€Å"gasps for need of specialty and sensibility† (Stern 50).â â â â â I can't help thinking that the best way to maintain track of the control of occasions all through the book is to focus on what number of missions Colonel Cathcart has alloted. Promptly, considerably after the primary section, sequential request isn't followed. As indicated by â€Å"The Structure of Joseph Heller’s Catch-22† by Jan Solomon the request for occasions appeared to follow two changed timetables. The first, obviously, was that of Yossarian. Yossarian’s course of events follows his â€Å"psychological view of events† (Potts 20). The other course of events that shows up in the book, as indicated by Solomon, is that of Milo Minderbinder. Indeed, even this translation of the book having a request for occasions has several defects in it. The greatest is that Milo and Yossarian are referenced together in the book before they are presented later in the book. The most obvious occasion that rung a bell, was that they showed up together at Snowden’s memorial service in the tree before they were presented later in the book, which is in reality prior in time.      The book shows how close to home ethics are obliterated when confronted with the idea of not being there the following day. â€Å"Many early reviewers†¦ griped that the novel had no good center† (Potts 67). The ladies in the book endure the hardest shot. The names Heller provides for the ladies, on the off chance that he gives them a name by any stretch of the imagination, plainly states how they are depicted, for example, Nately’s Whore, Nurse Duckett, and Dori Duz. Despite the fact that Scheisskopf's better half and Luciana don’t have interesting names, they are depicted like different ladies too. A case of how hostile the ladies were in the book would be when Scheisskopf’s spouse and Dori Duz laid down with all the men positioned in the United States under Lieutenant Scheisskopf. The men in the book, in any case, are similarly as awful as the ladies. Colonel Cathcart shows how he is driven with ravenousness and childish aspiration.

Insanity Defense free essay sample

One of the first craziness barriers is characterized by the M’Naghten Test; it is still as of now being utilized by twenty five states. The M’Naghten Test expresses that a respondent ought not be considered answerable for his activities just if, because of his psychological illness or imperfection, he didn't have the foggiest idea about that his demonstration would not be right; or didn't comprehend the nature and nature of his activities. The Durham/New Hampshire Test is another type of craziness guard. This test expresses that a litigant is can be not seen not as liable if his psychological instability was the explanation behind the wrongdoing. This is otherwise called the Product Test. This test has a lot more extensive standards in regards to the madness resistance; be that as it may, it dealt with the issue of perhaps indicting intellectually sick litigants. This could and happened when utilizing the MNaghten Rule. The Durham standard did anyway draw a ton of analysis because of its extended meaning of lawful craziness and the straightforwardness at which a few litigants had the option to utilize it. The Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984, in actuality, truly changed the meaning of madness and how it could be utilized by a respondent as well as their lawyers. Essentially it returned the capacity to supplication madness to the Victorian era’s thought of good and bad, after the first M’Naghten case in the homicide of Robert Peel. This demonstration reflects the MNaghten decides aside from that it necessitates that the respondent must experience the ill effects of an extreme mental deformity, and, all the more significantly it puts the weight on the litigant to demonstrate by clear and persuading proof that there is a serious mental imperfection, this is a turn to typical court strategy where the weight of evidence would regularly be on the state. This is a substantially more severe guideline achieved by Congress in light of the John Hinckley quittance and the open shock that followed. Representative Strom Thurmond vigorously reprimanded the madness resistance utilized by Hinckley’s legal counselors for excusing a respondent who clearly arranged and knew precisely what he was doing. There is a case in Texas that includes Andre Thomas, who is as of now waiting for capital punishment for the homicide of his significant other and two kids. After he murdered them he cut out their souls and hefted them around in his pocket. Preceding being put being investigated for homicide he culled out his own correct eye, and from that point forward, waiting for capital punishment he has gouged out his outstanding eye and ate it The Texas courts state that he isn't crazy, nor does he endure any extreme mental inadequacies. An appointed authority on the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals wrote in an agreeing forswearing of his allure that Thomas is unmistakably insane, yet he is likewise normal under Texas law. After drug and mental treatment, Mr. Thomas was discovered equipped to stand preliminary, on the grounds that by then he had the option to discuss unmistakably with and help his lawyer with all due respect. At preliminary, he was seen as normal at the hour of the wrongdoing since he realized the distinction among good and bad and will be killed on the off chance that he comprehends what execution means and why he is being killed. In spite of the fact that he was ineffective in his madness request, he ought to be the banner kid for change for the craziness resistance, particularly after the automatic responses that caused the Insanity Reform Act of 1984. For another situation from November of 1978 a previous San Francisco City Supervisor, Dan White, shot and murdered Mayor George Moscone and Harvey Milk. The respondent broke into City Hall through a storm cellar window to maintain a strategic distance from metal identifiers, utilized especially deadly ammo, and reloaded his weapon in any event once during the wrongdoings. White was indicted in 1979 for Voluntary Manslaughter after his lawyers mounted what might get known as the â€Å"Twinkie Defense†. This was a misnomer, since Twinkies were never really raised or alluded to at the preliminary. Martin Blinder, a therapist, affirmed that Dan White was seriously discouraged at the hour of the shootings. A few elements were refered to that demonstrated White’s profound discouragement; he had stopped working and purposely maintained a strategic distance from any contact his significant other and family. White, who was normally spotless cut, was tousled and filthy in appearance, he likewise was recently known as a wellness devotee who had as of late started devouring extensive measures of shoddy nourishment and soda pops. This as per Blinder was a consequence of his profound untreated sorrow. Another specialist, George Solomon, affirmed that White had detonated and was kind of on programmed pilot at the hour of the killings. Resistance lawyers were effective in convincing the jury that White was decreased in his psychological limit with regards to normal idea and legal hearers discovered him unequipped for the deliberation that would be required to get a homicide conviction. In Michigan, in 1977, Francine Hughes slaughtered her better half Mickey by pouring gas all finished and around their bed while he was flushed and dropped, lit the fuel and consumed him to death. At her preliminary she professed to have been beaten for more than fourteen years by a harsh spouse who took steps to kill her various occasions on the off chance that she attempted to leaving him. She and her lawyer asserted that she had been briefly crazy at the hour of the killing and was not liable thus. The jury concurred and she was absolved. Her case was one of the antecedents to the battered women’s condition as a guard, and evidence of a women’s right to self protection in her own home. This is an ideal case model for the utilization of the impermanent craziness supplication. The madness supplication as a protection positively has its place among the courts and the American equity framework. It is appalling however, that some prominent cases get all the media inclusion and will in general eclipse different situations where the litigant is definitely crazy or in any event unequipped for figuring out what is directly from wrong. On account of Andre Thomas who is waiting for capital punishment, I don’t know about anybody that would fight that he is rational. Surely he isn't sufficiently normal to have stood preliminary and be waiting for capital punishment. In the event that we need to powerfully sedate somebody to get them to a point where they can at long last acknowledge what they have done isn't right, how might we say that they were normal at the hour of the wrongdoing when they were unmedicated? How is it conceivable that we need to mightily sedate somebody with the goal that they comprehend that they will be executed and why? On the off chance that they were unmedicated might they be able to get it? Doesn’t this show they ought to be under mental or mental clinical consideration and not under the punishment of death? I am not saying that they ought to ever be let free on the avenues again, at the same time, to kill somebody who was crazy or of lessened mental limit at the hour of a wrongdoing, is considerably increasingly crazy to me, killing them isn't the appropriate response, it’s lamentable.

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip A Different Optional Essay

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip A Different Optional Essay In the past, we have advised MBA candidates to exercise caution in choosing to write the optional essay. (See our Monday Morning Essay Tip: The Optional Mistake.) Our philosophy has not changed on this point, but we do want to make MBA candidates aware of certain circumstances, other than discussing a problem area, that may necessitate writing an optional essay. For example, if you have achieved something absolutely extraordinary that is relevant to your candidacyâ€"something that truly strikes at the essence of who you areâ€"but that will simply not fit as an answer to any of the schools essay questions, then you should consider writing the optional essay to illuminate the experience and its importance to you. We would advise a candidate to make  this exception only in the most unique of circumstances and remind applicants that they should still be quite conservative in their use of this space. Again, this is not the place for a 500-word “extra” essay, but a few sentences illustrating the extraordinary experience and its significance would be appropriate. Such an experience should be able to stand on its own, so you do not need to belabor the point and agitate the admissions committee with a long essay detailing a variety of themes and accomplishments. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips

Buddhism, Hinduism, But Still From India - 852 Words

If you did not follow Hinduism, but still from India, you may follow Buddhism. This religion founded in North-eastern India is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama known as the Buddha. In most Buddhist traditions, he is regarded as the Supreme Buddha meaning awakened one or the enlightened one†. Originating as a monastic movement within the dominant Brahman tradition of the day, Buddhism quickly developed in a distinctive direction than Hinduism. The Buddha rejected significant aspects of Hindu philosophy, but also he challenged the authority of the priesthood. He denied the validity of the Vedic scriptures, and rejected the sacrificial cult based on them. Moreover, he opened his movement to members of all castes, denying that a person s spiritual worth is a matter of birth or class. Buddhism analyzes human existence as made up of five aggregates: the material body, the feelings, the perceptions, the predispositions, and the consciousness. A person is only a temporary combination of these aggregates, which are subject to continual change. No one of these aggregates remains the same for any two consecutive moments. Buddhists deny that the five aggregates (our material body, our feelings, our perceptions, our predispositions, and our consciousness), individually or in combination, may be considered a permanent and independently existing self or soul (atman). They regard it as a mistake to conceive of any lasting unity behind the elements that constitute anShow MoreRelatedThe Spread of Hinduism and Buddhism in Southeast Asia Essay1413 Words   |  6 PagesHinduism is a very popular religion in India, being that it could possibly be the oldest religion of all time and originated in India, the Hindu population in India is 80%. With Hinduism being such a popular religion, it competes with Christianity and Islam at 900 million followers of Hinduism worldwide (Miksic, 10). As for the popularity of Buddhism, it is not nearly as prevalent as Hinduism is, even in India. A very important attribute to Hinduism is the caste system. The caste system is comprisedRead MoreHinduism vs. Buddhism Essay627 Words   |  3 PagesHinduism and Buddhism are two of the most interesting religions in the world. To date, people still practice these religions in varying parts of the world. Although originating from the country of India, some have difficulty in differentiating between the two. Although Hinduism and Buddhism share many similarities, they are also different. What is Hinduism? Hinduism, the largest of the eastern religion and one of the oldest in the world. (Curry). Hinduism denotes the religions of majority ofRead MoreThe Origins Of The Harappan Civilization1060 Words   |  5 Pagescentury BCE, cities had reemerged in India. In fact, it was a time of intellectual growth for the entire region of Eurasia. In India, it led to the founding of religions that rejected aspects of the existing Brahmanic teachings. Namely, these religions w ere Jainism and Buddhism. In response to the opposing religions, Brahmanism evolved to please the people of India. The new form of Brahmanism was called Hinduism, and it kept the caste system. Although Hinduism did not ignore the caste system, allRead MoreA Linguistic Term For Indo European And Indian History1164 Words   |  5 PagesWestad 2014a). The Aryans brought to India no culture so advanced as that of Harappans (Robert Westad 2014a). When the Aryans appear writing disappeared and does not come back until the middle of the first millennium BCE. Cities were reinvented by the Aryans, which lack the elaboration and order of the gridded pattern of Harappans (Robert Westad 2014a). When the Aryans migrated into the Indus Valley they brought with them a culture that was very different from any other region (Breyer 2004). TheRead MoreHinduism Vs. Buddhism970 Words   |  4 PagesHinduism and Buddhism are two of the most interesting religions in the world. To date, people still pr actice these religions in varying parts of the world especially in India. Although originating from Ancient India, some have difficulty in differentiating between the two. Hinduism and Buddhism share many similarities and also differ immensely. What is Hinduism? Hinduism, often referred to as Sanatana Dharma is the largest of the eastern religion and one of the oldest in the world. â€Å"HinduismRead MoreHinduism And Buddhism : Diversity And World Cultures1021 Words   |  5 Pages8/12/2015 Introduction I have chosen Hinduism and Buddhism as the two religions for this assignment. With religion being such an intricate part of many cultures, I found these religions most interesting due to their similarity. Both of these religions originated in the subcontinent of India, these religions have had an awkward relationship that can be compared to Christianity and Judaism. The belief is that Buddhism is an off shoot of the Hindu religion. My goal is to addressRead More Religion in India Essay1629 Words   |  7 PagesReligion in India What is religion? Religion has always played an important role in man’s existence. It is hard to define religion because every person has, his or her own way of defining religion. For some of us it might be a way of life, which determines what they ear, who their friends are, and it also makes up what culture they follow from day to day. For others, religion simply means going to church or temple and seeing religious festivals. India is the land of culture. This country isRead MoreComparing The Religions Of Hinduism And Buddhism Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesExam II #2. Compare and contrast the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism. What were the essential differences between the two? What hope did they give to the common people of India ? Both Hinduism and Buddhism are prominent religions in the ancient and modern world. They are arguably two of the most popular polytheistic faiths as well. Most people make the mistake of grouping them as one uniform religion, but this is inaccurate. Buddhism and Hinduism do split some resemblance, but several aspectsRead MoreHinduism and Buddhism: History and Modern Appeal1696 Words   |  7 Pagesestablished religions, Hinduism and Buddhism have their similarities, as well as differences. Both religions are practiced in Southeast Asia, starting in India and have influenced each other. Hinduism dates back to 5,000 years ago, while Buddhism was created three centuries ago. I will explore what the two religions share and what separates the two from one another covering the origins, number of followers, the texts used, and the belief system followed. Origin of Hinduism Hinduism is one of the oldestRead MoreSiddhartha Gautama, Siddhartha And The Country Of Nepal1464 Words   |  6 PagesBuddha was born in a mountain kingdom, north of India, the country of Nepal. His Birth name is Siddhartha Gautama; Siddhartha is a compound of Sanskrit words, sidd and artha. Sidd meaning Perfection and Artha meaning to have a goal, so the overall meaning of Siddhartha is the one whose goal is perfection. He was born in a second highest caste in a Hindu family. In Buddhism, Siddhartha is not considered to be a god; he is just a person and only is considered to have certain abilities, as an extraordinary

The Vietnam War Was A Significant Moment For Canada

The Vietnam War was a historically significant moment for Canada which followed the First and Second World War. This was due to Canada’s large involvement in helping the South of Vietnam in their war efforts. Canada plays a large roll in this war costs and their manufacturing for war materials. One must first know how the war began before understanding how Canada contributed. Although the start of the Vietnam War had nothing to do with Canada, later events in the war were related to Canada largely. The beginning of the war is a crucial part in how we got involved in the Vietnam War. On May 7th 1954, Viet Minh had finally won the Battle of Dien Bien Phu marking the end of the First Indochina War. This was a breakthrough for Vietnam because this meant that France was no longer involved with Vietnam, and the French would then seize fire. A new government would now rule Vietnam. The North of Vietnam was becoming communist while the South of Vietnam was becoming more ant i-communist. The United States of America feared that if communism took over Vietnam, it would then start to spread to South East Asia. The United States of America feared this possibility because it would then be a much greater threat to them than they thought originally. On the 8th of March 1965 the United States of America decided to take action and form an alliance with South Vietnam anti-communist forces and they sent 3, 500 soldiers to fight in the Vietnam War. This number increased veryShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War During World War II2269 Words   |  10 PagesThe Cold War was a crucial war that took place shortly after World War II. The Cold War was a war between the Soviet Union and the United States. It is interesting to note that two countries that worked together as a team and were allies during World War II goes into war against each other shortly after the end of the greatest war in human history. The defeat of Germany and Japan along with the economic devastation that had occurred in Europe left many of the superpowers in the world during thisRead MoreThe Things They Carried1417 Words   |  6 PagesTim O’Brien tells the tale of not about war, but rather about war’s effect on one’s mentality. Ultimately, this novel is built on a foundation of the items that the soldiers of the Vietnam War carried. Whether it was the way Jimmy Cross uses the pebble to escape from his duties as a soldier or when Norman Bowker realizes that courage comes form within, not from receiving a Silver Star; O’Brien uses baggage as a symbol throughout the book to teach that war does in fact change people. These possessionsRead MoreThe Vietnam War On South Vietnam1496 Words   |  6 PagesThe Vietnam War started on the first day of November in 1955. The main opponents were the United States and South Vietnam against North Vietnam and the Vietcong. The Americans wanted to contain communism in fear of it spreading to other countries while the North Vietnamese wanted to unite both parts of Vietnam. At first, the Americans only trained South Vietnamese troops to do all of the fighting while the North Vietnamese employed the Vietcong to help their military take over South Vietnam. DespiteRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pages The Cold War began as the World War II ended. This war ended two remaining superpowers, the United States of America and the Soviet Union. Harry S Truman and Soviet premier Joseph Stalin founds themselves on polarized sides of post war, one denounced communism while the other denounced capitalism. Stalin supported pro-Soviet communist governments in Eastern Europe and he wanted to ensure the USSR was protected from future German invasions. Truman’s plans were very differentRead MoreCanada And The Cold War1514 Words   |  7 Pages Canada and the Cold War The Cold War is a time of managed political and military coercion and turmoil between the superpowers. It was a war that actually wasn t your common war. There were numerous military aircraft flying over the nations dropping bombs, no tanks no ground troops, no really organization of rockets, and no ground troops. Then again, there were a stockpile of atomic weapons, cash was being spent like a really war was being battled, purposeful publicity, there were two superpowerRead MoreForeign Policy in the Nixon Presidency Essay2750 Words   |  11 Pagesmajor policies that President Nixon was responsible for was changing the nature of the United States relationship with China. He did this by setting into motion covert diplomatic actions and cultural exchanges between the two countries. Nixon’s reasons for improving relationships with the Communist regime was to force the Soviet Union to be more accommodating to American demands and to also help end the war in Vietnam. Another reas on for improving relations was very personal for Richard Nixon. HeRead MoreThe Cold War2112 Words   |  8 PagesThe Cold War was the name given to the political economic, military and ideological contention that occurred between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and their allies after World War II. The two forces never directly engaged in military activity in light of the fact that both had atomic weapons that if utilized, might have had crushing outcomes for both sides. Instead, proxy wars were battled. A proxy war results when contradicting forces utilize outsiders as substitutes forRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1809 Words   |  8 PagesSoldier, adhere to this warning: the draft brings young men into the action of war but the wretched war surely chews them up and spits them back out as a diabolic mutant grieved with woes. A former marine, Tim O’Brien, wrote The Things They Carried in order to demonstrate this aforementioned warning as well the cryptic reality of Vietnam. By implementing a cataloging technique, O’Brien truly brings the horrifying stories of Vietnam to life further roping in his readers so much that they feel themselvesRead MoreEssay on Dreaming In The 1960s2061 Words   |  9 PagesJr. said his most famous words: quot;I have a dream.quot; He was not the only one who felt this way. For many, the 1960s was a decade in which their dreams about America might be fulfilled. For Martin Luther King Jr., this was a dream of a truly equal America; for John F. Kennedy, it was a dream of a young vigorous nation that would put a man on the moon; and for the hippy movement, it was one of love, peace, and freedom. The 1960s was a tumultuous decade of social and political upheaval. We areRead MoreMost Significant Events in History- 1950-19902242 Words   |  9 Pages1945. Topics such as the Cold War, McCarthyism, Civil Rights and the Vietnam War all put in to place a chain of events that have made our country what it is today. This paper will review a few of the social, economic and political events between 1950 through 1990 that had a powerful impact on the American people and their decade. 1950’s Cold War Ideology, McCarthyism and Eisenhower’s politics Cold War ideology crystallized after the end of World War II. During this war the US had alliances with

Operation Paperclip The Secret Intelligence Program

Although the book, Operation Paperclip: The Secret Intelligence Program that Brought Nazi Scientists to America, by Annie Jacobsen, and the documentary film, The Last Days in Vietnam both give insight and awareness to different events in history, they both share a political economic theme in reference to the question, â€Å"what does it mean to be human?† So, what does it mean to be human? There are many interpretations as to how one can answer this question. One answer would be equality. Equality is one of the underlying foundations that make up our society. With a lack of equality, the world begins to break out in wars and conflicts. Because of this, people are treated unfairly and even discriminated against. With equality, we can be assured that no one would be denied anything based on their race, gender, or economic makeup. A second would be fairness. Of course, we all want to be fair and treat all equally. Who wouldn’t love a society where we could reverse all the differences among all people? That would mean that all would have to be â€Å"good† and not â€Å"evil†. Good people have definite traits like kindness, altruism and compassion. Evil people possess characteristics that are more wicked and immoral. If we owned behaviors that were only good in nature, would that help us to be the people we nee d to live up to society’s views. We would be human. The book, Operation Paperclip: The Secret Intelligence Program that Brought Nazi Scientists to America, by Annie Jacobsen, wasShow MoreRelatedOperation Paperclip s Modern Effects1448 Words   |  6 PagesOperation Paperclip’s Modern Effects It was the middle of the 20th century, the world was in disorder yet peace as it did its best to recover from World War II. Nations from both sides of what is still considered one of the greatest outbreaks of war in history were not only competing in the air, in the sea, and on land, but also in the field of science. After the war, America made an astutely tactful choice: they took the German scientists for employment in the states. The outcome of this tacticRead MoreThe Cia Director Allen Dulled Sanctioned The Mkultra Program1461 Words   |  6 Pageswhat they are unfamiliar with is that the U.S. government did the same thing. â€Å"It all started in the 50’s during the Korean War.† Concerned about the rumors of Communist brainwashing of POWs, the CIA director Allen Dulled sanctioned the MKULTRA program in April 1953.Project MKULTRA is one of the most famous activities relating to the CIA’s efforts toward mass mind control. There were many different tests con ducted as a part of the project, including some conducted on volunteers, inmates, and unsuspectingRead More The Space Race: USA vs USSR Essay3784 Words   |  16 PagesThe Space Race was a war of firsts between the United States of America and the Union Soviet Socialist Republics. But it was also the culmination of the dreams of man for many millennia and the team who worked on the space programs were able to discover what so many of the people that came before and after them could only dream of. It was an endeavor that all of humanity was invested in at the time. It was a testament to the power of the human spirit and it showed how nothing was impossible if weRead MoreThe Space Race : A Struggle For Dominance Continued After World War II3096 Words   |  13 Pagesand his colleagues were ready to test their rocket at the army’s artillery range at Kummersdorf, south of Berlin. Even though the rocket veered off course, Von Braun’s knowledge impressed Captain Walter Dor nberger who was in charge of the rocket program for the army. â€Å"By the time he was twenty, while still a student at the University of Berlin, Von Braun was recruited by the army and charged with building a rocket that was superior to the largest guns† (Cadbury 9). Von Braun had already began designingRead MoreThe Space Race : The World War II3096 Words   |  13 Pagesand his colleagues were ready to test their rocket at the army’s artillery range at Kummersdorf, south of Berlin. Even though the rocket veered off course, Von Braun’s knowledge impressed Captain Walter Dornberger who was in charge of the rocket program for the army. â€Å"By the time he was twenty, while still a student at the University of Berlin, Von Braun was recruited by the army and charged with building a rocket that was superior to the largest guns† (Cadbury 9). Von Braun had already began designingRead MoreNew World Order in Conspiracy Theory13987 Words   |  56 Pagesin  p olitics  and  finance  are speculated to be orchestrated by an extremely influential  cabaloperating through many  front organizations. Numerous historical and current events are seen as steps in an on-going plot to achieve world domination through  secret political gatherings  and decision-making processes.[2][3][4][5][6] Prior to the early 1990s, New World Order  conspiracism  was limited to two American countercultures, primarily the  militantly anti-government right, and secondarily  fundamentalist Christians  concerned

Simply Intolerant Foods

Question: Discuss about theSimply Intolerant Foods. Answer: Lessons Learnt for Simply Intolerant Foods (SIF) Introduction Organizations are constantly looking at their financial numbers and left to stone unturned to improve the numbers. At the heart of any organization lies its ability to manage operations. Operations management is one such area, which is the most critical for any organizations. Efficient of management have impact on all the downstream and upstream of the supply chains and helps the organization to improve their supply chain and makes it more agile, adaptable and less vulnerable. Poor operations management however has a huge impact on supply chain and may lead to unsatisfied customer (Hill, 2012). The concept of lean management is a powerful concept that helps the organization in manufacturing sector to optimize their cost of operations. Simply defined, Lean management is an approach to running an organization that supports the concept of continuous improvement, a long-term approach to work that systematically seeks to achieve small, incremental changes in processes in order to improve efficiency and quality. It is important that the internal and external stakeholders should realize the importance of lean management (Goetsch, 2014). For instance, Logistics department is internal customer for manufacturing department. Together, both work for satisfaction of end external customers. External customers are not part of the organization. They may or may not buy from the organization as they have a choice (Kennedy, Plunkett Haider, 2013).The development of the philosophy, principles and process of lean in the context of its contribution to manufacturing industries and applicability in the food processing industry can be discussed as: Development of the Philosophy, Principles and Process of Lean One of the basic or fundamental philosophies of lean management is the focus on waste elimination. With the principles of lean management, organizations may want to reduce the waste so that they can save the cost (Kennedy, Plunkett Haider, 2013). In manufacturing industry, this cost is associated with inventory holding and and inventory ordering cost. At the same time, it is important that the cost optimization and waste minimization should not happen with any compromise with the quality. Quality customer service is very important think in this world where competition is growing continuously due to globalization (Santos, 2013). Quality service leads to more credibility and better reputation in the market through word of mouth publicity and hence translates into a better sale. Performance indicators should be identified for manufacturers and suppliers for on-time delivery Contingency time should be built in system to account for any uncertainty in the value chain. It is important that the organizations should realize the stage of their lifecycle before implementing the lean principles. There are four defined stages in the organizational life cycle: entrepreneurial, collectivity, formalization and elaboration. Of the four stages, the entrepreneurial stage is the most important, as many organizations dont ever make it out of this phase. When a business is started the owners are wrapped up in creating or selling whatever it is that made their business possible (Laosirihongthong, 2016).As it gets more successful there are more employees and those entrepreneurs have to become managers, a job for which they may or may not be suited. Organization leaders go through many emotional states during the life cycle of their business.These emotions can lead to the success or failure of their business if they are dealt with properly. It is critical that the basic groundwork for lean management should be established before the entrepreneurial stage. The princi ples of lean management for SIF can be shown as below: It is also important that the management of SIF should have a long-term plan with lean management. The organization may be required to make some initial investment to implement the lean system. However, the return on investment in long-term should justify the investment. The organization should also integrate the lean management with Information Technology systems like ERP system. Implications and Challenges for Implementing Lean at Simply Intolerant Foods The organization, Simply Intolerant Foods, can definitely use the principles of lean management to establish an effective and efficient culture in the organization. It can be inferred from the case study that SIF follows the make to order strategy due to the nature of their products. Each product is unique and can be manufactured after taking specifications from the customers. It is maintaining configure to order bills of material, which can be configured by the customer while placing their order. Therefore, SIF forecasts at subassembly level and manufacture the critical subassemblies before receiving the order, which then can be used in customer order. Sometimes the forecasts are quite accurate but when they are not accurate, it leads to huge work in process inventory at one hand and increased lead time for other products which dont have ready subassemblies required for them to get manufactured. With lean management, the organization should also improve its production planning funct ion (Kennedy, Plunkett Haider, 2013). The inefficiency in production planning department has increased the inventory because production should be scheduled when all the material is available or material is scheduled to reach when it is required in the particular job. The implementation of lean would also require an element of change management within the organization. It is possible that all the employees of SIF would not support the change to lean production system. Therefore, it is important that the management of SIF should introduce the change in an effective manner. There could also be issues with labor utilization. Lot of time is wasted in transporting material from one workstation to another because of the poor layout, which can be improved (Kennedy, Plunkett Haider, 2013). The time spent in transportation is a complete waste since it is a non-value adding activity. SIF is also not effectively utilizing the bottlenecks resources. Bottleneck resources are sometime having huge piles of inventory of jobs in front of them to be processes and sometimes are just sitting idle with no inventory at all (Souza, Sobreiro, Nagana, Manfrinato, 2013). This is a case of very poor production planning. It is because the company output depends on the output of the bottleneck resource and it cannot be greater than that of bottleneck resource. Therefore, in order to improve the output of the factory, it is very important to leverage the bottleneck resource or to use the bottleneck at its maximum capacity. Machines, which are not bottleneck, can be starved but the machines, which are bottleneck, should be starved at any cost (Dugdale, 2013). The company can also face challenges to schedule different jobs in the supply chain network of SIF. Efficient Job scheduling is very important for the organization to control the work in process inventory. Increase work in process inventory is not only a problem in itself but also a root cause of many other issues, which will be, discovered when work in process inventory is reduced (Qrunfleh, 2015). This will help in improving the efficiency of the factory. Recommendations for the Managing Director for SIF It is recommended that the management of SIF should emphasize on understanding the customer needs before taking any steps towards lean management and lean supply chain management. Once customer needs are identified, Pareto chart can be built to priorities the requirements and take actions based on that. The concepts of lean management for SIF should also include the association with different suppliers. Any default on part of supplier or manufactures should attract a penalty, which should be passed on to the customers. It can be in form of cash back, or coupons for discount on next purchase. It is recommended that SIF should have two different teams of customer management and suppliers or vendor management. SIF would be able to practice lean in true sense only when these two teams can collaborate together and work in an integrated manner. While promising order delivery data, customer facing team promises based on the date which is provided by the manufacturer who in turn takes the date given by the suppliers.There should be some contingency time build into the system for accounting any uncertainties or special events in the value chain.Collaboration among different stakeholders would be the key for SIF to move forward. Collaboration is most likely to be used first since it sets the tone on what is expected of everyone and what the goals and objectives are for a positive working environment. Collaboration also promotes communication and trusts among team members and educates each other on their strengths and weakness, which will build a positive and successful working rel ationship. Collaboration must be consistent and purposeful, with resources dedicated to its success. It is also recommended that there should be coordination between all players of supply chain so that appropriate dates should be promised to customers.Factors that contribute to poor customer service are customers are not treated well and no one is ready to listen them and understand their problems. Continuously sending them to different departments and making them explain their problem to multiple people is a high sign of improper customer service. Not only this, even making them wait and unable to provide resolution to their expectation is a sign you will lose business from those customers in the future. The management of SIF should realize that the listening skills are one of the powerful skills to eliminate the waste in the system. The listening skills are the best skill to deal with angry customers and talkative customers. Angry customers want someone who can listen and completely agree with them and ensure them of the best service. Customers get angry or frustrated for a number of reasons. Reasons may be valid or unjustifiable but no matter what, as we are in the business of customer service, we need to provide or help them with appropriate response so that they should continue to do the business with the organization. Our responses can ease the matter or make it worst. It is recommended that the key principles of lean management for SIF should also have focus on the use of Information Technology to track down the various operational activities in the organization. Tracking system should be employed and team should receive reminders set up at appropriate times. In long term, the company should have the policy to provide home delivery to end-customers. For instance, they can have express delivery where material should be delivered real fast but at some extra cost. Incoming materials from suppliers should be properly inspected and only then should be moved into stores if it fits into the criteria. To save this time, customer should define parameters for new suppliers and if they passed, add them into certified supplier lists and should accept those materials without inspection. It should also mention the clause to the supplier that for any poor quality item, there is a penalty. Although supplier may charge high for providing high quality items but it has lot of benefits for the organization (Monczka, Handfield, Guinipero, Patterson, 2015). For instance, first of all, it will save the huge time in inspecting the incoming material every time. Second, there will be fewer cases of poor quality of end items due to raw material. Third, as there will be less customer returns, it will help the organization to build its reputation. In short, correcting this first step ensures the improvement in all the downstream processes. Poor quality material is the entry point of many problems. Self Reflection Introduction I strongly believe that operations management is one of the most important areas for any organization. Since these days, there is a huge competition between the organizations due to globalization; there is also pricing pressures for the firms to reduce the prices of their products or keeping them near to their competitors. At such competitive prices, quality should also be there to build customer trust and reputation. Thus, in such times cost cutting is very important to increase the profits for the organizations in these tough times and make the products available to customer at a competitive price. Efficient management of operations at shop floor and design of supply chain help the organization to save the huge amount of money (Hill, Hill, 2012). I have learned that lean management is a powerful concept that could help the organizations to have effective operations management and efficient supply chain management in place. Here, I would discuss the concepts of lean management for Emerson electric company. A brief organizational background can be discussed as: Organizational Background Emerson electric company is global diversified manufacturing firm headquartered in St. Louis, USA. It manufactures products like regulators, precision instruments for measuring temperature, pressure and density, valves and many other instruments used in different types of industries like Automobile industry, Chemical industry, metal and refining, pulp and paper industry. It has more than 240 manufacturing locations at different locations worldwide to serve the customers globally. It operates in a very competitive industry leaded by giants like ABB, Schneider, and Honeywell. In recent times, it is facing a lot of issues like high rate of product return by the customer, poor-on time delivery, huge increase in work in process inventory, increase in inventory holding costs which is hampering its image worldwide. Discussion Emerson electric is facing many problems. It started discovering the problems as increase in customer returns were gradually going up. Once the product is returned, it is diagnosed properly with the help of serial number and lot number of various components and raw materials that are used in manufacturing that product. There were many problems that were coming because of poor quality of raw materials. This means that material supplied by the supplier is directly used for production without being inspected. If it is inspected and caught at the first stage, it would have save a lot of processing time of machines and other costs (Goetsch, Davis, 2014). Emerson should only use materials directly in production, which is supplied by the certified suppliers. The management of the company realizes that lean management is the solution for the company to move forward. However, the management of Emerson is not able to implement the lean in the system. There are various reasons for this. For ex ample, the leaders of the organization have not got the desired support from employees. The company has also faced difficulty to manage its inventory that has further added to the complexity in the implementation of lean management system. Not only this, there is huge increase in work in process inventory. There were lot of jobs that were started but were left in between to serve the more important demands or hot orders. This inappropriate scheduling has increased the work in process inventory, which is directly increasing the production costs for the company. There were also cases like when the job has been aborted in between because of non-availability of raw materials. I can say that one of the core elements of lean management is that the organization should be able to eliminate or at least reduce the waste in the system. However, Emerson is not able to eliminate the waste in the system. I can say that there the resource utilization is not effective in the organization. In fact, there was lot of time getting wasted in non-value adding activity. Sometime, the machine is already setup for processing a job but then another rush order comes and machine has to be setup again. This lead to two things: machines are poorly utilized and labor utilization is also low. Poor utilization of resources is creating problems for the company and hamper the ability of the organization to fulfill customer orders on time even when while order promising the dates were given according to the software in most of the cases that calculates the lead time of all the sub assemblies and components that are required to build the final product. Frequent breakdown of some of the m achines is another issue which delays the production and factory lost its capacity. Also, sometime sales team promises the aggressive delivery times to their customers to meet their targets. Although there is ERP software implemented that calculates the lead-time of the order quantity by considering the manufacturing time of making the quantity considering lead-time of all its child components and subassemblies. If any raw material required for all that is not available, it also calculate the buy lead time of the item to calculate the order promising dates however sometime the aggressive dates put pressure on production systems and which lead to increase in work in process inventory (Trenteasaux, Pach, Bekrar, Sallez, Berger, Bonte, Barbosa, 2013). I can conclude that there are various benefits of lean management for Emerson. However, the management should have the vision to implement the lean in the system. References Adebanjo, D., Laosirihongthong, T., Samaranayake, P. (2016). Prioritizing lean supply chain management initiatives in healthcare service operations: a fuzzy AHP approach. Production Planning Control, 1-14. Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. 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